OCR Nationals double award promoting health and well being Essay

According to the above figures given in the above Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, each aspect has been given a position in order of their importance placing the most important one at the bottom. This makes it clear that everything, (regardless the level of their importance) is important to us. There are different ways to keep up the health status up to the standard such as using medication, being on healthy diet, getting enough rest and doing appropriate exercise. After having an observational research on health and its definitions, I would conclude that to keep up appropriate health we should have healthy lifestyle in terms of physical, intellectual, emotional and social aspects. Well-being As this unit is based on promoting health and well-being, it is highly important to have concerns on well-being as well. According to the World Health Organisation, well-being explains our happiness, confidence, physical condition and general outlook of our life. It is about caring ourselves and feeling good. Well-being and living healthily go hand-in-hand. It goes beyond eating a balanced diet and taking regular exercises. It is about being aware about our life and reducing the risks of diseases. Our daily routine could decide the state of our well-being. (Bib. 4)Great Britain is a multi cultural society. The culture is a way, which is followed by a group of people. They eat, dress, behave and believe in the same way. It may be unique to that particular group. It affects their way of life and therefore their health as well. It is very important that the health care sector and the organisations respect beliefs of each culture. For example, a Christian faith group, Jehovah’s Witness urge their follower’s to refuse blood transfusions. (Bib. 12) But according to medical science, blood transfusions can save a person’s life. In another instance, Muslims don’t take pork, although animal flesh is a good source of protein. Proteins are needed for the build up of our muscles. To work properly and to be physically fit, we need to have healthy muscles. Therefore this can affect their physical health. Sometimes, the people chose to be vegetarians or vegans either following their religion or for their personal beliefs. This can lead them to be lack of proteins, as meat, eggs and other animal products are good sources of proteins. As said before, protein is very important even for making hormones. This is vital for our growth. Therefore where the PIES are concerned, it is clear that not taking animal products could also affect a person’s development. Further, this can lead our intellectual development to grow less as well because a good physical health is important to have a good memory and thinking. Another example of how different cultures consider is the fasting practise of Muslims. However, it is not good for our health to get rid of meals because it has been found that this can lead to weight loss, stomach problems including ulceration, dehydration and also changes have been observed in daily lifestyle and mental-health status. (Bib. 5) Apparently, looking at our PIES it is clear from the above disorders that this can also affect both our physical and mental health. Nevertheless, as it is linked to their culture and tradition, they don’t bother much about their health. Further, covering their body by Muslim ladies could lead to vitamin D deficiency as they are not exposed enough to sunlight causing possible rickets. On the other hand, this could be positive to avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight avoiding risks of skin cancers. So it is clear that the cultural belief and the person’s background can affect their health positively as well. Being a Buddhist, I believe it is not right taking alcohol and drugs for a healthy life. This is another example, which shows how the background of people affects their way of thinking. As different cultures and religions consider health in different ways, it is important that doctors should be aware of cultural beliefs when treating patients. According to the beliefs and places of living of a person may cause them to have less access to medical treatments. For example, a study carried out among the people living in Southern Virginia has found out that they were lacking of medical knowledge and that they distrusted the physicians. They have claimed that most of their people were obsessed and they liked to eat much but not doing exercise. Although it wasn’t said in the study report what foods they ate, I thought that they might be eating too fatty and sugary foods, as they are some causes of obesity. Further, I got to know by reading the study, that these Virginians didn’t discuss health problems with outsiders. It is also said that this may be due to the lack of medical knowledge. I thought this might prevent them from getting suitable care. As the people distrusted the specialist, they do not take medicines prescribed by them. They think that these drugs may cause addiction. In addition, according to the participants in the study, there is a lack of American-born physicians. At the same time, the people in the area were having some concerns in meeting foreign-born physicians. This cultural difference between the patient and the provider has been identified as a barrier, which prevents the patients getting medial care. (Bib. 6) I thought this to be a good example to show the effects of cultural beliefs on people and their health. In third world countries, the people might not be in good hygienic conditions such as less purified water systems, poor housing and air pollution. This could also lead to illnesses and diseases. Some other examples of how different cultures look at their health are the Chinese treatments and the way some cultures treat patients using plants and herbs found from the forests. Although people from different cultures look at health in different ways, each person’s health is alike and will be affected in the same way. Therefore, it is important that we look at it in a positive manner.

Debate About Same-Sex Marriage Essay

One of America’s most debated issues today is the Same-Sex Marriage. In fact, gay marriage has been legalized in nine States in America. Having to be a part of the Christian community, we truly disagree to this for it is a sin as we consider it and we do not have to think twice in contradicting this topic. However, it doesn’t hurt to talk a little about this. Same-sex marriage will be legalized is most countries some day. The inevitable are being postponed by the generations who precede us and govern our lands. A lot of young people do not even realize the enormity of it all. We heard a lot of people say that they accept homosexuality, but that they don’t think that the whole â€Å"marriage† thing is important.. Well, it obviously is. Because when marriage happens, the things on a personal level are not just the ones affected. One’s finance, future, status, insurance, contract, and so many more will also be affected. If the government does not recognize your same-sex partner as your husband/wife, a lot of complicated situations, in terms of paperwork and justice, will arise. And that’s why we think it needs to be legalized. ‘’Jesus never said a word about homosexuality. In all of his teachings about multiple things – he never said that gay people should be condemned. I personally think it is very fine for gay people to be married in civil ceremonies.’’ – Jimmy Carter. Love has no boundaries, they say. But when referring to love, does that mean the affection between a man and a woman or the affection between two individuals, regardless the sexuality? Personally, we think, the word ‘sexuality’ from the phrase ‘regardless the sexuality’ can be referred as a boundary from the quote ‘’Love has no boundaries,’â⠂¬â„¢ — which should not be a hindrance in finding true love. Picture an x-ray photograph of two skeletons showing affection by kissing. The moment you look at it, you are slowly being baffled by the curiosity if it is a girl and a boy, a boy and a boy, a girl and a girl, or even a black man and a white woman. Just the simplicity of the connection and the beauty of the two human beings sharing love is all that should matter. Love prevails beneath all that skin. However, the institution of marriage has traditionally been defined as between a man and a woman. It is believed that marriage is the union of man and woman, uniquely involving the procreation and rearing of children within a family. Legalizing same-sex marriage would weaken the respect for the real definition of marriage. The legality of marriage has been encountering a few inconsistencies – having multiple wives; being okay of marrying your own relatives; the latest argument, same-sex marriage; and maybe in the near future, the legalization of marrying an animal. If same-sex marriage is to be approved, it will only start a chain reaction which will eventually ruin the essence of marriage. Another disadvantage would be carried on as a burden and embarrassment by their child, and an insult bullies can use against them. That is, if ever a gay family plans on adopting their own child. The child will have so many questions – why he has two fathers or maybe why he has two mothers, why he does not have a normal family. No matter how thorough and understandable their explanation is, if the child sees a normal family composes: a mother, a father, and a child, and he/she is aware that only a man and a woman can bear children, then curiosity and confusion will just hit their child harder. Being part of the Christian community, we believe that marriage is for men and women and friendship is for two individuals of the same sexuality. Yes, loving the same gender does not hurt anyone, but it just does not appeal to the culture we have learned and have been taught. God has created woman for man, and man for woman. Abiding to His rule is an act of sinfulness. Marriage is of the seven sacraments Catholic Church. It is not something a person can just plan the day before and do the day after. It is well thought and prepared for. For this is a commitment not only to your partner but also to God. Basically, we approve of gay relationships but not gay marriage.

An Overview of the Life and Literary Works of Alfred Noyes

An Overview of the Life and Literary Works of Alfred Noyes Alfred Noyes was born in Wolver Hampton on 16th September 1880. In 1896, he went to Exeter College, Oxford, where he distinguished himself at rowing. His first volume of poems was The Loom of Years (1902). The Highwayman, Noyess best-loved poem, is included in the volume Forty Singing Seamen and other poems. The poem is about a highwayman and his lover Bess. The highwayman is deeply in love with Bess and goes to see her one night. Tim, the ostler was also in love with Bess and was jealous of the highwayman. He quietly listens to the conversation of bess and the highwayman .The highwayman was a felon and was wanted by the red coats. Tim informs the red coats about his next visit. To arrest the highwayman, the redcoats use Bess as bait. They position themselves everywhere in the neighborhood and in the inn. They tie Bess in front the window with a musket under her breast. At midnight she hears the highwayman coming closer and closer. To save him she pulls the trigger of the musket and kills herself. On hearing the shot of the musket, the highwayman flees away. The next day, when the highwayman gets to know about Bess he is furious and spurs on his horse to take revenge. But he is shot down. Even after years, it is said that on a night like that one, one can hear the highwayman on his horse coming to the inn-door, and one can see Bess at the window with her hair let loose waiting for the highwayman. The language of poetry is significantly different from the language of ordinary conversation because it is very often the language of indirection: it uses figures of speech like metaphors, similes, and symbols to get across the experience that the poet is trying to recreate. In the following paragraphs, I have analyzed the poem and stated a few of these figures of speech. Using the language of poetry, the poet creates a scene and makes the reader imagine his thoughts. In the first verse of his poem, Alfred Noyes, metaphorically describes: the wind to a river, which is flowing through the mountain like trees: the moon to a ship, which floats in a sea of clouds: the road to ribbon, twisting and turning, shining in moonlight, and passing through a marshy piece of land. In the same verse, the poet introduces the highwayman riding a long distance on his horse before arriving to the inn-door. This can be noticed and the poet puns on the word riding and repeats the word over and over again. Another example of the same style of poetry can be seen in the seventh verse, where the red coats arrive to the landlords inn. In this example the pun is on the word marching. In the second and the third verse the poet describes the highwayman and Bess. The highwayman is dressed in rich attire and when he arrives Bess is waiting for him there. The lovers are parted apart, as the landlord doesnt want Bess to meet the Highwayman. This is because in verse, the highwayman is a wanted convict by the red coats. The poet also introduces Tim who takes of the horses and is also in love with Bess, and is jealous of the highwayman. Unlike the highwayman, the poet presents Tim in a very rustic manner.

CW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

CW - Essay Example llow members in one way or another, especially those involved with the Euro currency and thus, the European Union has taken it upon itself to come up with measures that will successfully resolve the matter. However, to understand the issues being faced in the crisis, one has to first determine the underlying causes that were responsible for the European economic crisis in the first place. Though a number of factors can be said to have been put into play, one major cause is the poor management of the banking systems in countries such as Spain, which left them in dire need of assistance to maintain their operations and remain afloat. This occurred as a result of factors such as lenient lending policies that led to a huge number of defaulters as the economic situation worsened in these countries, meaning the banks were not able to get their money back. The recession that is being faced worldwide also played a big role in the development of the crisis as investors were no longer willing to risk delving into the market due to the fear of losses. The crisis led to a number of outcomes as various markets were affected and were not able to function sufficiently due to the lack of investments. Banks that were not able to regain their money collapsed and even the major ones stumbled as a result of the defaulters while the Euro also dropped in value as a result of people choosing to switch to more stable currencies in their business dealings. Though the UK supports the recovery of the Euro, the steps that have been taken by the European Union, such as the formation of a Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) for all banks, may lead to a fading influence of the UK in the Euro Zone. The development of these bodies may lead to the interests of the UK being ignored or overlooked during the voting process on various decisions as the bodies focus on what will help the member states rather than the interests of the UK. As a result, the UK has requested for financial safeguards that

Contribute to the complex nursing of clients Case Study

Contribute to the complex nursing of clients - Case Study Example She was admitted into the ward by wheel chair for investigation of increased abdominal girth and jaundice. She has been taking corticosteroids for her asthma for 6 months and has been receiving insulin SC, BD which her husband has been administering at home. This paper shall discuss the clinical manifestations of Mrs. Carr’s diagnosis. It shall outline the appropriate nursing interventions for Mrs. Carr, taking into consideration her physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs. A rationale for these interventions shall also be discussed. Mrs. Carr’s medical management shall also be discussed along with an outline of their mode of action and what reactions may be observed from these medications. This paper shall also discuss the observations I would perform on Mrs. Carr, and the rationale for such observations. Finally, this paper shall discuss how I, as an enrolled nurse, can maintain the client’s dignity and rights within legal and ethical guidelines. There are numerous manifestations of Mrs. Carr’s disease. Since, she has multiple diseases, various signs and symptoms will be seen. Mrs. Carr’s Alzheimer’s disease manifests with her loss of memory, disorientation, mood changes, and difficulties in performing her activities of daily living. These symptoms are consistent with the symptoms of Alzheimer’s as enumerated by Vishnu (â€Å"Conditions and Diseases†). Mrs. Carr’s osteoarthritis manifests with symptoms which include pain and stiffness in her joints, loss of flexibility in her joints, and very often swelling and tenderness in the vicinity of her joints. These symptoms are consistent with the symptoms of the disease as enumerated by the Mayo Clinic (â€Å"Disease and Conditions†). Her Type I diabetes manifests with excessive thirst and fatigue, weight loss, blurred vision, and frequent urination. Such symptoms, according to

The World Bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The World Bank - Assignment Example Some people say that when you love or are fulfilled, by what you do for a living, then you never really work a day in your life. Most people do not earn a living doing what most people want to do. They did not make the difference they wanted to make. Most people compromise, for one reason or another, and settle for what is most stable and guarantees the bills are paid. This is not a wrong decision; it is, in fact, a very responsible one. However, all the same, when asked, they will likely tell you they wish that they had gone another direction. It is a rare opportunity to really be inspired and fulfilled by where one works. That said, the goal of choosing a direction that is, both, financially consistent, as well as, something that is fulfilling is fundamentally important. The World Bank is an organization where that potential for that outcome to be realized. The World Bank was founded in 1944 and is a collaboration of five institutions. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and lastly, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).("The world bank," 2012)   Each of these groups focuses and contributes to the financing and facilitating aid to middle income, developing, and destitute countries. Whether it is providing low interest or interest-free loans, guaranteeing potential losses with reluctant investors, or providing arbitration and mediation in investment disputes, they are encouraging growth. It is not just financial contributions, but also, environmental and humanitarian endeavours as well. In totality what has been created is a very dedicated entity, which is far more than the sum of its technical parts. The World Bank’s chosen mission is, ultimately, rather simple. They have one intent and supreme goal of ending global poverty. To do this they are deeply invested in projects dedicated to aiding those in poverty-stricken, under-developed, and suffering populations all over the world. They focus on a concept, they call, the Millennium Achievement Goals, which, â€Å"†¦calls for the elimination of poverty and sustained development.†

Company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Company - Coursework Example The report has also examined little management accounting techniques. Finally, the report has attempted to evaluate some current techniques that are appropriate for strategic management accounting. The report is generally to be used within Spacenet.inc; a well-established ICT firm based in Brussels. The board of associations and the management depend on financial reports to be able to cognize the economic situation of the board and to help the whole team in the process of decision making. For the purposes of improving the usefulness of financial information in the perspective of the decision making process, financial statements should be analyzed (Young, 2003). In that perspective, financial statement analysis can be described as the process where data is converted from financial statements into meaningful information for the organization quality evaluation by use of diverse analytical methods, which is very essential in the entire process of rational management. The function of financial report analysis is to identify good characters of Spacenet.inc so that the management can apply most beneficial characteristics. At the same time such reports also help an organization to recognize its weaknesses and take the necessary actions. A good financial strategy should consider both strength and weaknesses of the company. The use of internal financial statement prepared for top management provides the information they require in monitoring the organization’s operation and aid in decision making. Published reports rely on internal financial reports to inform investors, lenders and suppliers about the firm’s financial position. One limitation of both internal and published financial report in decision making is that the data given is based on the market at that particular time (Young, 2003). Subject to the nature of the market, change may be observed very quickly, so top managers are not supposed to assume that figures as per the last reports will be stagnant

Diffrenece between FAA Regulations (FARs) and UAE GCAA Regulations Essay - 1

Diffrenece between FAA Regulations (FARs) and UAE GCAA Regulations (CARs) - Essay Example The regulations cover all activities of aviation ranging from pilot training to the specification requirements for air craft’s and broader issues that deal with the management of flight operations within a jurisdiction. The general civil aviation authority of the United Arab Emirates bears significant resemblance with the federal aviation administration of the United States. From the onset, it is important to recognize the fact that both of these bodies are regulatory bodies that set the required standards in the field of aviation. The standards that the two regulating authorities majorly deal with broadly concern the requirement of the human resource in the aviation industry and the specifications of aircrafts that are to be used within the jurisdictions that the regulations govern. The GCAA for example is in charge of issuing certificates to aircrafts that have complied with all the safety standards of flying within its airspace, the FAA on the other hand prescribes regulations that govern the standard requirements of safety in all aircrafts in the united states. In dealing with personnel issues, both of the organizations are in charge of the training and certification of the aircraft handlers an d all the people directly involved in the manipulation of the planes (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Staff 1982, pp 613). An international standard is also an area that both the organizations correspond in functional operation. Both the GCAA and FAA provide regulations within their territories to ensure that the aircraft standards and the training of personnel meet the international safety standards that are set for safety and airworthiness (International Business Publications, USA. 2012, pp 227). The major driving force behind these regulations is the safety of all the stakeholders in aviation sector. Through imposing strict standards and regulations in the industry, the chances of accidents occurring through

Research paper about geographic Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

About geographic - Research Paper Example ay, the whole world—especially those who have developed a strong relationship with and dependence on Japan in one way or another—will also feel the consequences of the great economic and social challenge that Japan is now facing. Japan’s Geographical Location. Unlike the giant China which is located in the large mass that forms the continent of Asia, Japan is an island country separated from mainland Asia. It has an archipelagic location and is surrounded by the â€Å"Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean† (â€Å"Japanese Archipelago,† 2008). According to Duiker & Spielvogel (2006), it is made up of four main islands and thousands more of smaller ones. These larger islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyusu and Shikoku. It is relatively small, with an approximate size like that of United States’ Montana (p. 239), and about â€Å"1/48 the size of Russia and 1/25 the size of China in land area† (Yamada, 2001; Kurashige, 2003). In numbers, its total land area is 145,883 square miles including land and water (WorldAtlas.com, n.d). The country is further made up of mountainous terrains and forests, which gives the people only a little space for agriculture and living (Asia for Educators, n.d.). Lying behind most of its mountains are volcanoes that compose 10 percent of the world’s most active ones that are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire; Mt. Fuji—notably dormant—is the most popular and also the highest peak in the country (Kirk, 1966, pp. 26-28). Japan also lies exactly on the juncture of the â€Å"Pacific-Philippine-Eurasian triple tectonic plates† which mainly answers why Japan experiences earthquakes every so often that it records an average of 1,500 minor shocks per year (Encyclopedia of the Nations, n.d.). Japan’ Climate. Japan has got the four seasons of winter, spring, summer and fall. In Deal’s (2006) book, however, it was emphasized that the country’s climate patterns is continuously changing as an effect of its East Asian monsoon zone

How the Maid Made a Difference Essay Example for Free

How the Maid Made a Difference Essay Maid in Manhattan is one of the many Hollywood movies which portrayed the typical fairytale cliche—a love that went wrong but with the couple eventually ending happily ever after. The movie rose above the usual chick flicks in the industry through its capitalistic twist, nonetheless. Marisa Ventura, the hotel maid and single mother from the Bronx, and Chris Marshall, a successor to an American political dynasty, crossed paths and consequently fell into each others’ hands and hearts. The on-screen chemistry of the two artists, as well as the romantic, light, and interesting flow of the plot evidently captivated millions of audience worldwide. Not many, however, might have seen the presence of a deeper elaboration of significant and pressing issues in the movie. An allegory regarding ethnicity and culture, Maid in Manhattan was successful in revealing the ongoing plight of Latin immigrants in the United States. Due to their brown skin color, native tongue, and diverse beliefs, these individuals have been usually employed in blue-collar jobs, as depicted in the movie. The hotel in which Marisa worked in was headed by purely white Americans, with brown-bloods like her assigned for housekeeping. When Marisa’s friend pushed her into applying for the vacated managerial position, she initially declined due to the fact that black or brown was and still remains to be the opposite of white in terms of class status. Aside from the manager application scene, a number of other portions in the movie clearly showcased the same idea in order to emphasize the continuous emergence of cultural inequity. Marisa and Chris’ romance flourished despite their differences in ethnicity and culture. It is necessary to note, however, that during the first time Chris saw Marisa, he did not take notice of her since she was merely a hotel maid cleaning the senatorial candidate’s bathroom. Once Marisa donned the white Dolce and Gabbana suit of Caroline, one of the hotel guests, Marisa turned from ugly duckling into a beautiful swan in the eyes of Chris. This, indeed, is an example of commodification of identity. According to Knadler, this idea signifies the strong power of products and commodities in developing a political representation in society. Unfortunately, however, the political voice and visibility of an American usually depends on his â€Å"whiteness† or financial capacity. As shown in the movie, the physical appearance of Marisa greatly affected how Chris admired and understood her. In addition, it seemed that if the politician met Marisa as her real self, the profoundness of her political opinions with respect to issues such as electoral publicity and housing programs would seem less believable and significant for him. Hence, it can be said that intelligence is inevitably correlated to social class. Caroline’s friend Rachel also judged Marisa’s intellectual capacity during another suite scene. Rachel’s remark that Marisa knew only little English for she was of Latin descent visibly portrayed political prejudice based merely on the difference between skin pigmentation. This kind of misconception is known as victimization ideology, the power and control of vital social institutions to create weakness in a certain class or group (Faun). Unfortunately, this power and control is defined by monetary value. The financially deprived thus continue to end up as underdogs in the field, leaving them lower than they already are. Nevertheless, these conflicts should not be blamed solely outside the group of American immigrants. They, too, are internally outlawed by their own political and social inhibitions. Brown-bloods like Marisa learned to depend too much on the norms readily established in the society that they overlook the fact that these norms are merely standards; these do not dictate yet only inform them how they should live their lives based on a historical point of view that is not their own. It was Marisa’s mother, though, who was significantly captured by these biases and discrimination that she was the one directly trying to put her daughter down. She saw Marisa as a housekeeper and only as a housekeeper for, according to her, that is what the society has supposedly established for Marisa. This limited and narrow outlook regarding one’s concept of self is hence determined and shaped by both outward and inward influences. Maid in Manhattan successfully utilized the abovementioned scenes in order to bring forth an image explaining how cultural differences greatly affect social and working relations to its audience. However, the way in which the viewers comprehend this image is dependent on what group these people hail from. In my opinion, if it were a white-skinned audience, these specific scenes may imply how American immigrants are dedicated to their jobs, whatever this may be. Conversely, if those who are watching this film are of the same heritage as Marisa, then their perception of the movie would be fairly different. In my opinion, the movie serves as a venue for American immigrants to shatter borders and to assimilate themselves with the white culture. This act of multicultural integration remains to be their aspiration—their dream—in a world divided by money and power. Moreover, the brown-skinned audience would very much appreciate a film regarding their own social and political plight. Despite the â€Å"white-washing† of entertainment nowadays, films like these are still produced in the attempt to introduce the culture of the Latin descent and to communicate change in society (â€Å"Ethnic†). Visibility in Media is indeed a positive and necessary step in order to create more meaningful grounds for the harmony and amalgamation of ethnicities. This multicultural integration in Maid in Manhattan is denoted by two symbols, both related metaphorically to Chris and Marisa’s marriage. First is the actual bind of person-to-person through matrimony. In the context of the movie, nevertheless, the connection established was between and among races. This signifies the mergence of people, no matter what their skin complexion is, where they came from, or how much they earn monthly. In addition, the main characters’ marriage represented the unity of ideologies and cultures that define both parties. Individuals may co-exist with each other despite the differences of their beliefs, traditions, and lifestyles as long as they learn to compromise and adapt to each other’s way of living. These two concepts of â€Å"marriage† in Maid in Manhattan uphold egalitarianism, â€Å"a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people† (Weebies). Though the battle for human and racial equality is still not completely won, there will always be hope not only in the future but in one’s self. â€Å"Although we serve them, we are not their servants. What we do does not define who we are. What defines us is how we rise after falling,† shared Lionel, Marisa’s co-housekeeper in the hotel. Indeed, classes may rise and fall. Mistakes may be done once or all over again. Money can change or damage. Love can make us happy or sad. Whatever occurs in our lifetime, one thing remains the same: we are all humans—humans like everyone else, humans who can make a difference. We just have to believe that we can create our own identity and destiny. Works Cited â€Å"Ethnic and Visible Minorities in Entertainment Media. † Media Issues. 2008. Media Awareness Network. 10 Apr. 2008 http://www. media-awareness. ca/english/issues/ stereotyping/ethnics_and_minorities/minorities_entertainment. cfm. Faun, Feral. â€Å"The Ideology of Victimization. † Insurgent Desire. 1992. Black and Green Network. 10 Apr. 2008 http://www. insurgentdesire. org. uk/victimization. htm. Knadler, S. â€Å"Blanca from the Block: Whiteness and the Transnational Latina Body. † Genders Online Journal. 2005. Anne Kibbey. 10 Apr. 2008 http://www. genders. org/g41/g41_ knadler. html. Maid in Manhattan. Dir. Wayne Wang. Per. Jennifer Lopez, Ralph Fiennes, Natasha Richardson, Bob Hoskins, and Kevin Wade. Revolution Studios Distribution Company, 2002. Weebies. â€Å"Egalitarianism: The Holy Grail of Socialism. † Strike The Root. 2004. 10 Apr. 2008 http://www. strike-the-root. com/4/weebies/weebies5. html.

Synthesis of nickel complexes

Synthesis of nickel complexes Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the Ligand exchange that occurs when different Nickel complexes and reacted with Triphenylphosphine. Introduction Triphenylphosphine was first prepared by Pfeiffer and Sauvage in 1904 Experimental Triphenylphosphine (1.408g) was dissolved under reflux with Propan-2-ol (15cm3) forming a colourless solution to which 5 boiling chips were added. Nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.603g) was dissolved in absolute Ethanol (10cm3) and heated until a green/yellow solution formed. This solution was poured into the reaction mixture through the condenser. Immediately the solution turned dark green, the solution was refluxed for a further 6mins. The reaction was removed from the heat and allow to cool for 4mins, a dark precipitate was visible in the flask. The warm solution was filtered under suction to collect the dark blue/green crystals which were washed with ice cooled absolute ethanol (1x10cm3 + 1x3cm3). Once dry the boiling chips were removed with a spatula and the crystals were transferred to a n open sample vial and dried in the desiccator for a week. A further solution of Triphenylphosphine (1.410g) and Propan-2-ol (15cm3) was made and set to reflux as before. Sodium thiocyanate (0.601g) was dissolved in Ethanol (11cm3), to this nickel nitrate hexahydrate (0.773g) was added. The flask was warmed until all the green solid has dissolved and a white solid has formed. Once cooled the solution was filtered under suction and the Filtrate (aqua blue liquid in Buchner flask) was added to the refluxing Triphenylphosphine through the condenser. Immediately the solution turned blood red/brown. The solution was refluxed for a further 7mins and then cooled for 5 mins. The warm solution was filtered under suction and the orange/ red crystals washed with ice cooled Ethanol ( 1x10cm3 + 1x8cm3). Once dry the boiling chips were removed as before and the crystals were transferred to the desiccator for a week. Results and discussion Triphenylphosphine + Propan-2-ol+ Nickle Chloride hexahydrate + Ethanol à   Bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II)chloride P(C6H5)3 + C3H7OH + NICl2.6H2O + C2H5OH à   C36H30Cl2NiP2 Triphenylphosphine + Propan-2-ol+ Nickle Chloride hexahydrate + Ethanol à   Bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II)chloride P(C6H5)3 + C3H7OH + NaSCN + C2H5OH + Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2 à   [Ni(PPh3)2](NCS)2 Equations XM = Molar magnetic susceptibility (cgs units) C= Calibration constant = 1.044 L= Length of sample (cm units) R= Balance reading with FULL samples tube Ro= Balance reading with EMPTY sample tube M= Relative molecular weight of sample m= Mass of samples (units grams) XM = XM- (diamagnetic correction) XM = Corrected Molar susceptibility XM = Molar magnetic susceptibility (cgs units) Diamagnetic correction = Calculated from literature table of diamagnetic corrections (Xd)  µeff= Magnetic moment (units Bohr Magneton (BM)) XM = Corrected Molar susceptibility T= Temperature (units Kelvin (K)) Calculations XM = 294.0798111 x10-6 Diamagnetic correction (data obtained from Inorganic Chemistry CMB004 d-block Chemistry Laboratory course 2009-10 page 14) Compound: [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2] Diamagnetic correction = (-13 x10-6) + (-46 x10-6) + (-400 x10-6) = -459 x10-6 XM = XM- (diamagnetic correction) XM = 294.07981110-6 -(- 459) x10-6 = 753.07981110-6  µeff =1.33 BM Complex B showed a magnetic moment decrease of -055 to -073 on the first measurement so I re ran the measurement.

The Great Gatsby - Chapter 1 Essay example -- English Literature

The Great Gatsby - Chapter 1 Read the beginning of the novel chapter 1 up to page 12 â€Å"Tom Buchanan in his riding clothes was standing with his legs apart on the front porch.† How effective do you find this as an introduction to Great Gatsby. In your response you should pay close attention to voice, language and style. The Great Gatsby was written by F Scott Fitzgerald in 1925, and is set during 1922, a period tinged with moral failure of a society obsessed with class and privilege. Fitzgerald presents us with the conflict between the illusion and the reality of the American dream. The novel begins in the present tense, and is told through the eyes of Nick Carraway, the narrator and moral centre of the novel. His tale is told in retrospect. Nick Carraway is a young man from the Mid West, introducing himself as a graduate of Yale and a veteran of World War One. He begins the first chapter by relaying his father’s advice: â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the same advantages as you’ve had.† He states that he is also â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgement† about people and be a tolerant listener; who is entrusted with people’s secrets. This encourages him to withhold formulating opinions about people until he gets to know them, demonstrating his caution. Nick puts himself forward explicitly, as someone with an above average â€Å"sense of fundamental decencies† which now manifests itself as a wish for â€Å"the world to be in uniform and at a moral attention forever†. This military perspective clearly shows Nick has something of an authoritarian character with a developed instinct for discipline and order. These first pages of Chapter one... ...ds the end of page 9 the reader is given a sense of time and a positive idea of how the modern world is progressing, through the metaphor of â€Å"growing trees† and the â€Å"burst of leaves† creating new life that has potential just like the American Dream. â€Å"Fast movies† (p.9) and the â€Å"telephone† (p.12) symbolise the Twentieth –century technological environment. The growth of cinemas, cars, boats is recognised by the twenties as a decade of mass media and mass production in America. The novel raises the issue of individual worth in such a context. In contrast to this materialistic world, Daisy’s name evokes a delicate flower. The irony here is that her life is conducted in an entirely manufactured environment, distant from the natural world. The key structure of the chapter is the combination of first person narrative and the gradual revelation of the past.

Skylake :: Personal Narrative Writing

Skylake I think I learned how to swim before I learned how to walk. My family and I moved to Miami, Florida from Long Island, New York when I had just turned 4 years old. According to my mother, it was just too cold for her up north. We moved into a comfortable home, the same house we now live in fifteen years later. The house is on a lake, along with about sixty-five other homes. My brothers say that when we first moved in, I used to go down to the lake and just sit and stare at it for hours on end. My first girlfriend lived on my lake. Her name was Anat. I would take my paddleboat over to her house and then go around the lake with her for hours. It was easier to walk to her house, but more impressive to swing by on a boat. I had just turned twelve, and spent the summer with her on the lake. Our relationship came to an abrupt stop after six weeks. Apparently I was not spending enough time with her, and too much time with the fish. A year after we moved in, my father's best friends, Joe Haimson and his wife Bernice, came to visit us for a week or two. The two of them were pretty devoted fishermen. They went out and bought a couple of basic fishing rods and reels and taught my brothers and I how to fish. My brothers were not nearly as enchanted by fishing as I was. Their interest in it fizzled out shortly thereafter. Mine had just begun. I remember when I was about five or six. sitting at my dock, usually alone, putting little breadballs about the size of a marble on the hook, making short casts, and catching one bluegill after another. They weren't big fish, maybe a quarter to a half a pound, at the most. Not a real anglers trophy, but to me they were the most mesmerizing things I had ever seen, each one more beautiful than the next. On Friday evenings, when I was about nine or ten, I used to sit on my dock with my grandfather, Max, before Sabbath dinner. He used to love it when I pulled those things out o f the water.

History and Advantages of High Fructose Corn Syrup Essay -- Artificial

The History and Advantages of High Fructose Corn Syrup HFCS is a popular sweetener used in processed foods. It is composed of approximately 50% fructose and 50% glucose. It is made from corn starch with the use of enzymes to convert glucose to fructose. It has many advantages over cheap sugar, including, but not limited to, lower price, longer shelf life, low freezing point, and enhanced taste and texture. Corn refinement was first discovered circa 1860, and was soon followed by the development of corn syrup. Important advantages took place in the 1920’s with the use of enzymes, but it was not until the mid-1900’s when the crucial glucose isomerase enzyme was discovered. Industrial production of HFCS began in the 1970’s and today the industry is huge. High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) is a sweetener used in many consumer products. Because it is as sweet as sugar, yet cheaper, HFCS is used in many processed food products. Like sugar, it has four calories per gram and has no added artificial or synthetic materials. HFCS is made from corn refinement. First, starch must be separated from the rest of the corn. The starch is then treated with the enzyme glucose isomerase, which converts glucose into fructose. Fructose is an isomer of glucose; both have the empirical formula C6H12O6, but in different bonding. Glucose and fructose bonded together make sucrose, commonly known as table sugar. However, they are found separately in HFCS. Supporters of HFCS claim that it causes no more harm to the body than sugar does because both HFCS and sugar have fructose and glucose in approximately one to one ratios. There are three main types of HFCS: HFCS-42, HFCS-55, HFCS-90. HFCS-42 is 42% fructose and 50% glucose. It is the least sweet of the ... ... Shaft." Freedom Daily Apr. 1998. The Future of Freedom Foundation. 25 July 2006 . Path: James Bovard; FFF articles; The Great Sugar Shaft "Corn Subsidies in United States." Environmental Working Group's Farm Subsidy Database. Nov. 2005. Environmental Working Group. 25 July 2006 . Path: Top Programs; Corn Subsidies. HFCS Facts. 25 July 2006 . "High Fructose Corn Syrup." Learn about Kosher. OU Kosher. 25 July 2006 . "Vignette 4 Bioprocess Engineering for High-Volume Products: The Case of Corn and the Wet-Milling Industry." Putting Biotechnology to Work: Bioprocess Engineering. 1992. 27-29. The National Academic Press. 25 July 2006 .

Lebanese Americans

The present paper is designed to show the adaptation of immigrants in the United States. We will include Alison Lambert, who is the representative of the Lebanese nation, was born in Lebanon and moved to the United States country for permanent residence two years ago. The principal issue to clarify in this essay will be whether it was difficult for Mrs. Lambert to assimilate with US culture and people, what differences she has found between two cultures and how different cultural norms influence her living in the new for her country on the daily basis.Immigrants in AmericaA lot of people from different countries come to the United States in search for their good future. There exists a myth that living in the United States is like a paradise, but it is not always so. The presidents of the United States together with other senators promote legislation to confer some kind of guest worker. Many people think that all those bills should not be accepted, because they are immoral. When they invite people from other countries to the United States they show them that they fit only for obsequious jobs that the Americans do not want to do. They think that they are too good for it. When foreigners start working in the United States at first they get miserable payment for the work they do.There is no expectation that you will rise up the economic and social ladder. There are a lot of bills all over the country which regulate rights of the guest worker. There are points when the foreigner can be expelled from the work and deported back to his country where he will continue his life in poverty. The bottom line in all of them is almost the same. It says that the Americans are not equal in their rights with other people who came from other countries to earn money. The plot is hidden but still it exists.America is a country that invites immigrants who arrived there legally and who comply with their laws and Constitution, who understand and can freely speak their language. Such pe ople begin their career with low-paid jobs. But such people have a chance to rise into a middle class and realize their dream. Such countries as Germany and France showed their folly of a guest worker economy. Immigrants do low-paid jobs. But now there are a lot of people in these countries who don’t absorb. People do not agree with the social welfare system. Let’s find out more about the adaptation of the people from Arabic countries in the United States by telling a story about one of the immigrants from Lebanon, Mrs. Lambert.Mrs. Lambert considers family and close people to be the most important in her life.The principal difference in the family values between Lebanese and American culture is that when one is young, one never looks into the future considering oneself outside family. Family appears to be the core of everything they plan to accomplish in life. American society is more independent in relation to family as a notion. Lebanese people share everything they have with their families, and they grow surrounded by their family members. Their cousins, sisters, brothers, with whom they grow, often appear to be their best friends.Each of them knows that he or she is the most important person in his or her life, and she was used to grow in such surrounding. What she has noticed in the United States of America and what is absolutely absent in the Lebanese families, and in Lebanon in particular, is the disease which she would call ‘family’ disease. This is the disease which is very popular among American children. In her society family is something which will never let her and her countrymen down. She was very much assisted by her family members when she has first entered the United States. Now she is not only in constant touch with all her relatives, but all members of her family help each other on the daily basis to the maximal extent.Mrs. Lambert is a teacher; she feels at present that her cultural difference does not prevent he r from effective working with the students and effectively performing in her daily life. Her first and probably, the biggest difficulty was the language. She had basic knowledge of the language, but it was not enough to teach students; and in order to acquire good position she had to learn it very fast. On the other hand, the accent is still very visible when she speaks and some students ask her about her origin. She was lucky not to see any discrimination in relation to her Lebanese identity on the side of her students. However, there are many Lebanese immigrants who also came to the United States to work and suffered from discrimination there.Most of native citizens are surprised on the fact of Lebanese very close family ties. When Mrs. Lambert tells the stories of her life, some of them cannot clearly understand the idea of family being the core of their lives, as well as that one can be so much connected with the family through all his or her life. Her assumption of the family n orms influences her behavior on the daily basis, and it is doubtless; it becomes even more vivid in the light of the norms according to which one lives.When people immigrate they face different difficulties and challenges. The principal challenge for Mrs. Lambert is the difference itself, the difference in cultural norms. She doesn’t think there are disadvantages in her culture. She thinks that every culture has its own advantages and disadvantages. Still, when one comes to another country he or she is a foreigner. The language is the biggest challenge between any two different cultural identities. Mrs. Lambert was faced this challenge and almost coped with it. Yet, she clearly understands that many other cultural challenges are ahead of her.Mrs. Lambert thinks that it is important to assimilate with the culture of the country one now is living in.She supposes that this assimilation is inevitable; however, the extent to which this assimilation should take place with every new comer should be reasonable. Mrs. Lambert’s family was afraid of her losing her identity on entering another country for the permanent residence; and it was probably one of her most important cultural challenges – to adjust to the new cultural surrounding without losing too much of her own cultural traditions. Assimilation with the cultural traditions of the other country often becomes the means of getting stable position and solid basis for human relations.When immigrants come to another country it is significant and highly important to have a source of strength and support there. It is necessary to have something which unite foreigners and help them feel a little bit be home.It may sound surprising, but yet family remains the principal source of support for her in the U.S. This is the peculiarity of her culture – not only is the family the stem of Lebanese identity, but it is also not influenced by the distance. She also gets a lot of support from the local Leb anese community. They have regular meetings during which they discuss urgent problems and issues, and try to find solutions beneficial for everyone. It is very often, that the members of the community ask for assistance in solving cultural problems, not only related to the language, but to the misunderstanding of the people they are surrounded by of their cultural preferences.Cultural identity at times becomes the matter of difficulty in getting assimilated to the new surrounding. Lebanese culture is not very well supported and popularized there, and it is often that Lebanese newcomers appear in cultural vacuum. Thus, this community and regular meetings become the means of supporting those who need this support. Very often people face personal misunderstanding with the native population, and they try to find the way out of the conflict.In the light of all above said, and taking into account the theories of cultural identity, it is possible to note the following. Cultural identity co nflicts are usually called intractable, and thus, they are not possible to be resolved through the traditional approaches. The frames of the individual identity are extremely influenced by the cultural identity and cultural surrounding. The differences in culture often become the ground for the cultural conflict, as the difference in cultural ideas and preferences may be taken by the other side as not simply an outrageous idea, but ridiculous and unreal understanding of the world.For the better cultural communication it may be suggested, that the attitudes towards other cultures should be more tolerate. The cultural ideas and beliefs expressed by the representatives of the other culture should not be taken as unreal or unacceptable. Differences in culture between people will always exist, and thus for the more effective communication it is important to understand and accept the significance of the traditions, which are valued by the other culture, as well as try to better explain th e traditions into which the newcomer would wish to assimilate. However, and what is more important, it is not allowed to break the cultural identity of the person; the difference in cultural views does not mean they are wrong.ConclusionThe issue of cultural identity was always urgent, and with the growing opportunities for migration, this issue will not soon lose the necessity of being discussed. However, it is important to understand one thing in relation to cultural conflicts: the differences between cultures should not and won’t be erased; they should be treated with tolerance. In conclusion It is important to say that it is up to everyone to decide whether to lead a life of immigrant or not. There are a lot of possibilities to have a nice life in one’s own country where one will be respected. Nobody will look at him or her as if he or she is an alien. One’s country is one’s home one must be proud of it. Everyone must do everything possible to make one ’s own country be respected. Escaping from problems at home and going abroad in search for good life and a great number of possibilities to realize oneself is not a way out.Works citedCarrithers, M. Why humans have cultures. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1992 LeBaron, Michelle. Bridging cultural Conflicts: New Approaches for a Changing World. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. 2003 Mathews, G. Global culture/ Individual identity: Searching for home in the cultural supermarket. London: Routledge. 2000 Stone, Douglas F., Patton, Bruce, and Heen, Sheila. Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most New York: Penguin Press. 2000

Faceless Crimes

Part I. Computer crimes or cybercrimes have been on the rise since the introduction of the Internet. More so with the onset of mobility and the launch of wireless networking, the increase in mischievous computer activities was exponentially high. Since cybercrimes are considered â€Å"faceless crimes† where a criminal hacker can do their misdeeds miles or continents away, or set-up a logic bomb a few hours later, it has been more difficult to trace these malicious acts. In determining specific categories or types of IT-related attacks, it is noteworthy to examine the lists prepared by Mandia et al. (2001) in the book â€Å"Incident Response: investigating Computer Crime: 1.Denial-of-service attacks are some of the easiest incidents to respond to, because they do not involve actual intrusions. 2.Unauthorized uses of resources are typically insiders using their computers in an inappropriate manner. These investigations are often more oriented around personnel rather than technical issues. 3.Theft of information attacks involves unauthorized read-only access to information. While these are typically solved easily through configuration, it is very difficult to tell through an initial investigation if the attacker's access is read-only or actually involved a full-blown computer intrusion. 4.Vandalism is really a subset of computer intrusion, because it is not possible without access to the victim system. 5.Computer intrusions are the â€Å"mother of all incidents,† in that they require the most involved response. The best way to determine unauthorized computer access, downloading, copying and transferring of classified or confidential materials is by examining and evaluating the log files and access control lists. Unless the intruder or attacker is a sophisticated or high-caliber criminal hacker, this is the quickest and simplest method available, otherwise hiring trained professionals who will do computer forensics investigation is necessary to establish criminal liability and culpability. Part II. Depending upon the forensics investigator, there are various techniques or methodologies in investigating cybercrimes. But in general, there are four major steps namely; â€Å"evidence identification, evidence preservation, evidence analysis and evidence presentation (Solomon et al., 2005). There are two major tools required in forensics investigation, the first are the disk imaging and validating tools and the second are the forensics tools. Disk imaging and validating tools basically check the integrity of the hard disks and creates a mirror copy of the hard disk involved in the investigation. Forensics tools are the hardcore equipment that does data analysis, recovery and rebuilding, for deleted files and data. Numerous tools are available commercially on the market. One important note for an aspiring computer forensics investigator is that all tools to be utilized in the course of their trade should be properly licensed and the used is authorized by the vendor otherwise the case might be thrown out of court for using pirated or illegally purchased software. Some of the common disk imaging and validation tools as listed by Solomon et al. (2005) are: ByteBack by Tesch Assist, inc. and used for data recovery; EnCase from Guidance Software is one of the best drive duplicators; and Norton Ghost by Symantec provides the ability to create disk copies that are almost exact copies of the original. Solomon et al. (2005) also listed SMART by ASR Data Acquisition as a suite of forensics examination tool and WinHex ftom X-Ways is a universal hexadecimal editor and disk management utility.

A Leader to Admire

One of the greatest persons is the world's largest direct selling and company for women, Avon's supreme, Andrea Jung. Her threshold into the corporate world has had a good ladder to the top.These involved her to top positions which perhaps honed her to fit who she is right now. Being Avon's CEO for ten years now, her worth for the title is evident with the extensive growth of the company. Relative to this, she is part of Apple, Inc. Board and General Electric (GE) Company.â€Å"Strong executive engagement is the most important practice as it involves major leaders working on the project. This means that their contribution to the ongoing program is highly regarded [†¦]† (Ambler, 2008).Her career runs long-time symmetry to her long-run experience. Also, her expert performance led her to enter the top 100 most powerful women and to be the top-paid female CEO; and whose leadership, despite economic downturn, raised Avon's total revenue in the preceding year.These semi-accompl ishments speak for her stand. She's plain admirable with how she gets things done. This executive woman works strategically. Pervasive promotions for new products are marketed using credible celebrities. She knows how to play with the roller coaster twists of the economy and social trends.Working with her, even starting with a minimum capital in a rural area would turn out to be a productive one. Having her on the job is an indeed ‘yes'. She seems to have mastered the corporate world which is an advantage for expanding businesses and an opportunity for extending finances.Not only she caters businesses but she aids women under the shadows of violence, poverty and cancer. Her charitable initiations add up to why she is an admirable leader. She excels, corporately and socially.ReferencesAmber, G. Banutu-Gomez, M. B. (2004). Great leaders teach exemplary followership and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   serve as servant leaders. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 4,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   143.

Abraham Lincoln Letter to Horace Greeley Analysis Essay

The second Inaugural was writing during the time of the Civil War. The struggle between the north and the south continued. President Lincoln seemed to be mostly supportive of the north, which can be concluded based on being opposed to slavery. Regardless, the president was trying to save the union, even though it would mean not freeing the slaves â€Å"If I could save the union without freeing any slave, I would do so† (Lincoln, p. 1, 1862). Especially in his letter to Horace Greeley, one can see how eager the president was to save the union. With the Quote â€Å"Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and each invokes his aid against the other† Lincoln is emphasizing on the unity that the division actually has, which is being a good Christian and reading the bible. The second half of the quote shows the misuse of the bible. Invoking god to aid against the other is not what prayers are for â€Å"the almighty has his own purposes† and may not even be interested in resolving this issue. Instead, according to Lincoln, it is even possible that god disapproves of slavery and the civil war is part of their punishment. Once again, an attempt is made to let the people realize that slavery is unethical and may even upset god. In conclusion, both sides are Christian, which should be bounding, as religion is supposed to bring people closer together. Secondly, prayers are not used for what it should. America has lost sight of what is important according to god, which is peace (with slaves) and not aiding war. I consider the quote as significant, because of the impact has. The people are again reminded on values of true Christianity, which even in modern America, one can lose sight of.

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a paper stating why Term

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a stating why teenagers should have a curfew - Term Paper Example Based on research teenagers under curfew have high moral respect for both their parents and other people. On the other hand, teenagers not monitored always fall in social problems. This includes violent crimes and prostitution related activities. It, therefore, is a non-disputed fact that having students in curfews shapes their future. Keeping teenagers in curfew is a means of curtailing their freedom while improving their future. The consequences of curfews for teenagers do not serve their purpose. They are lousy ideas, which force teenagers to do the exact opposite of what is expected. According to research, teenagers tend to violate rules of curfew to do the extreme. They arrive in school late and engage in indiscipline cases, to get notice from other students (Robert 68). Drawing boundaries for teenagers initiate a fight between the students and the set boundaries. Teenagers under curfew, therefore, are problematic that teenagers acting on a free will. Consequently, curfews derail teenagers from revealing their talents, which should be exploited adequately. Talents are extremely beneficial in the life of teenagers; therefore, teenagers need curfews for regulation. Students lacking curfews tend to waste their talents on non-relevant

International Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Law - Essay Example India has no data protection law and therefore, there is no law regulating the protection of personal data of staff and employees that are kept in the databases of companies. What India has is the Information Technology 2000 (IT Act 2000) which prohibits the disclosure of data by a person who has secured access to it without the consent of the person whose personal data is being disclosed. The foregoing piece of legislation has therefore, a very narrow application and does not really protect information in company databases from persons who have no secured access to it (Spedding & Rose 307). In a contract where two parties come from different countries, two sets of law are naturally involved – that of the host country and that of the country of the outsourcing party. In such instances, the parties to the contract must expressly signify in the contract which law must govern the parties’ contractual relationship. Under the Indian judicial system, the choice of law of the parties called â€Å"the proper law of the contract† is respected and upheld by the Indian courts. Thus, if StoneTechnical enters into an agreement with an Indian counterpart for the outsourcing venture, the parties must agree by themselves which law should govern their contractual obligations and in case of a dispute under which law should the rights of the parties be determined. In addition, foreign judgments are enforceable in India so long as a reciprocal arrangement exists between India and the country of the outsourcing or FDI country as can be gleaned from the provisions of the Indian Civil Procedure Code. In the absence of such an arrangement, enforcement of such judgment can be had through the filing of an action for its enforcement (Sople 2009 p. 96). Aside from the foregoing, particular legal issues for outsourcing that are not potentially advantageous to StoneTechnical are the following: absence of at-will employment; statutory protection in employment to a class of

Political Science- Indigenous Autonomy and State Development Tensions Research Paper

Political Science- Indigenous Autonomy and State Development Tensions - Research Paper Example Examining the different effects which this has as well as how it can be altered to begin to incorporate different concepts within both areas then provides alternatives to ensure that there is more unity between the two populations while creating a stronger balance with both the indigenous and state populations. The difficulties which are occurring in Latin America between the state and indigenous populations are based specifically on the agenda of both and the identity which both holds. The indigenous populations have specific issues with the development of the country into modern terms. This is taking away the identity, cultural affiliations and basic rights of the indigenous population and the beliefs which they hold. At the same time, the state is being pressured to continue to develop and open the country for different activities that can stimulate the economy, communities and other objectives that are within politics. The pressures which are arising have come from the belief that the indigenous populations are becoming oppressed with the actions of the state while losing both identity and culture in Latin America. This is being developed specifically by the political movements, social conflicts and the pressures to establish new components within the country (Sieder, 29). The problem which is a part of the indigenous and state cultures of Latin America needs to find new solutions for both development and preservation of the cultures which are associated in given regions. The question of whether corporate social responsibility is one which can be used to alter the tensions in the region then become associated with the culture and affiliations with Latin America. The ideology of corporate social responsibility is one which requires businesses recognizing the indigenous cultures and needs within the general population. The actions which take place are then developed to help those which are in

Our foolish thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Our foolish thoughts - Essay Example On the other hand, Gray Sloan in his essay "Sleuthing Patriotic Slogans" argues in satirical way about the words used in patriotic slogans. Since the time Sloan has been learning and teaching language, he has been also analyzing the grammar usage in today's patriotic slogans. Even though he finds errors in grammar structure of those slogans, he does not care much about that, because he concerns more about the meaning of those slogans. However, both authors are worried about the eloquence in today's public speeches and patriotic slogans would be used by people in power to hypnotize and fool American people. Jacoby uses the word "folks" as an example of the change in political terms. Politicians these days usually use the term "folks" to address Americans instead of â€Å"people or â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† like in the old days. Jacoby wonders why this term is used these days especially after she finds out that the term "folks" has never been used before as a political term. "The word "folks" was once a colloquialism with no political meaning" (395). She believes that using colloquial terms in today's public speeches is a way of isolating American people from political decisions, which downgrades them like if they were ineligible for such decisions. As she declares: The specific political use of folks as an exclusionary and inclusionary signal, designed to make speaker sound like one of the boys or girls, is symptomatic of a debasement of public speech inseparable from a more general erosion of American culture standards. Casual colloquial language also conveys an implicit denial of the seriousness or whatever issue being debated: talking about folks going off to war is the equivalent of describing rape victims as girls (395). Unlike today's politicians, former leaders were trying to use simple words to let people understand their speech but without debasement of a public speech. However, Jacoby also concerns about the change of the term "soldiers" to " troops" by politicians and media. Jacoby states that some people in media or military media claim that the term "soldiers" would be offensive for women who have joined the army as "Dimwits", since they claim that the term "soldier" sounds masculine that is not true. Jacoby believes that the reason behind the change of that term is to magnify the news about the war and its losses. She links the change in both terms "folks" and "troops" to the debasement of speeches as she states: â€Å"Like unremitting appeals to folks, the victory of troops over soldiers offers an impressive illustration of the relationship between fuzzy thinking and the debasement of everyday speech" (396). Just as Jacoby who does not define the debase speech as one that simply uses prosaic grammar structure, Sloan almost has the same concerns about the signs and billboards, posters and stickers emblazoned with patriotic slogans such as "United We Stand," "Support the Troops," "Pray for the Troops," "Let Freedom R ing," "Home of the Brave," "God Bless America" which can be met everywhere in his hometown. His main argument is about the way the slogans are written and what they really mean. He analyzes those patriotic slogans and criticizes them satirically. In addition, he finds some of them are contradictive and unrealistic. For example, â€Å"Let Freedom Ring† and â€Å"United We Stand†, he believes that those two patriotic slogans are conflict with each other, as he wonders â€Å"

Critically assess the extent of the benefits of adopting international Dissertation

Critically assess the extent of the benefits of adopting international financial reporting standards in lieu of a country's dome - Dissertation Example However, intense training is needed by the employees while implementing IFRS which in turn increases the cost in the financial recording process. Therefore, the adoption of IFRS over the already applied financial standards in the national context is quite likely to give rise to a few noteworthy challenges besides its advantages. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1.Introduction 4 2.Creation of International Financial Reporting Standards 5 2.1 IFRS in Political Environment in UK 8 2.2 Controversies Related to the Adoption of IFRS in UK 9 2.3 Advantages of Converting Into IFRS 10 2.4 Requirements to Attain Maximum Benefits from IFRS 13 2.5 Tax Impacts of Transitioning Into IFRS 15 2.6 Challenges Related to Incorporation of IFRS 15 2.7 Other Related Challenges 18 2.8 Concerns Arising from Implementation of IFRS 20 2.9 Reasons behind Altering UK GAAP 21 2.10 Differences between IFRS and UK GAAP 21 2.11 Critical Review of Adoption of IFRS 22 3.Conclusion 24 4.Recommendations 24 25 References 26 1. Introduction Comparing the financial statements of different reporting enterprises becomes a cumbersome task owing to the deviation in procedures along with the principles taken into account by these organisations in designing financial statements. With the intention of making these methods and principles uniform as well as comparable to a certain extent, financial recording standards are created. Theoretically, accounting standards are termed to be the statements of policy of practice which belongs to regulatory accounting bodies (Pearson Education, 2012). This policy of practice needs to be observed in the preparation as well as the presentation of the financial statements. In simple terms, accounting standards can be identified as written documents offered by the regulatory bodies within the nation or even in the international ground. It tends to comprise of numerous components such as measurement, treatment, revelation and presentation of the accounting transactions (ICAEW, 2012). The chief objective of enforcing accounting standards is to eliminate differences in the treatment related to numerous accounting aspects and hence to initiate uniformity in the financial presentation which further facilitates an accurate and transparent disclosure of monetary facts concerning a particular business. Accounting standards also aim to harmonise the varied accounting policies which is generally followed while creating and demonstrating the financial statements by distinct financial enterprises in order to assist in proper comparison between the inter-firm and intra-firm (ICAEW, 2012). However, in various occasions it has been observed that companies which function in accordance to the nationally implemented strategies often have to face certain challenges when adopting the internationally grounded financial standards. As noted by Brown (2011), â€Å"there will always be winners and losers from changes in accounting standards, if only because of their distributiv e effects, undoubtedly some consequences are regarded by companies and investors as, on balance, bene?cial† (pp. 269). Emphasising on these various aspects, the objective of the

Professional values law and ethics case study Essay

Professional values law and ethics case study - Essay Example Mr. Arnold informs you that his syringe of Or morph was only half full. Mr. Ahmed who is receiving palliative care has been unusually quiet all afternoon. You find the ward sister to inform her about Mr. Arnold’s pain and Mr. Ahmed being sleepy all afternoon. The ward sister initially looks horrified but then states the syringes must have got mixed up; Ill top up Mr. Arnolds pain relief, no harm done. Explore your professional, ethical and legal obligations towards Mr. Arnold and Mr. Ahmed. Doctors along with nurses experience complexities within their palliative care exercise. Hence, they require an excellent perception of moral of ethical standards as well as precedents. A broad range of health problems as well as ethical challenges exist in the palliative care provision Mr. Arnold and Mr. Ahmed. It’s currently known that an excellent perception concerning health ethics may have a contribution to the medical expert’s choice-making as well as everyday Health principles are principally a discipline of applied morals, the learning of ethical principles as well as decisions as they relate to heath care. It’s aimed at providing directions as well as regulations for doctors in their research, duty and behavior as well as shares numerous values with related medical principles, for example, nursing principles along with bioethics. In history, it may get tracked back in Hippocrates, an antique Greek doctor of 5th century (Ulrich 2012, 45). He and together with his learners excluded themselves separately from the other doctors of that moment through emphasizing that their career hunting were balanced as well as technical instead of being supernatural or sacred. Numerous health philosophers have emphasized that a doctor must bear ‘an excellent sense as well as discretion’ (Lachman 2006, 77). Ever since he eighteenth century and over, health providers implemented Hippocratic vow to be the passage right. Likewise, the policy of nursing

Concept Proposal Beach Bum Gym Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concept Proposal Beach Bum Gym - Essay Example Apart from these, the gym will also provide playground facility for members who have family and children. All facilities and services of the gym will be developed focusing on two aspects which include motivating the customers and increasing the market share, with core objective of developing a healthy lifestyle for the people. Problem Statement The â€Å"Beach Bum Gym† will be responsible for providing effective fitness service to the people in order to achieve a healthy and fit life. The purpose for this project is to develop a healthy society and generate sense of maintaining fitness for citizens of Hampton. The level of employees required for fulfillment of the project will be almost 10 which will serve the local people who regularly go to the beach. The business project will provide gymnasium facility with up-to-date equipments from quality producers. The members of the gym will be benefitted not only because of gym facility, but also due to enhanced working environment al ong with affordable cost. There are several competitors in the Hampton area which provides standard services. However, this project will not only provide differentiated services with variety of facilities but also will seek to develop a long-lasting social and professional relationship with the customers (Bryman & Bell, 2007). The reason for which people will pay for the services of â€Å"Beach Bum Gym† is that it will provide numerous membership subscription plans according to the preferences of customers. Besides, there will be skilled instructors which will help the members of the gym for accomplishing good consequences without wasting much effort. The idea for the project came from the problem of maintaining healthy life. Presently, obesity is considered as one of the most significant health issues for American people. Obesity not only results in harmful diseases such as diabetes and heart syndromes, but also reduces the flexibility and stamina of body (Verheijden, Jans, Hildebrandt, & Hopman-Rock, 2007). The reasons for which people are unable to maintain healthy lifestyle can be lack of time, increased social responsibility, high pressure of education and job and inappropriate environment for workout (Fitzgerald & Spaccarotella, 2009). Thus, the business project will help to reduce the problems of people which prevent them from maintaining healthy lifestyle. It will provide innovative place for workout, where people can easily make time for gym. Majority of individuals prefer to visit seaside for recreational purposes, and providing gym facility on beach area can attract them to enjoy the gym facility. Thus, the research problem for the â€Å"Beach Bum Gym† project relies on how better it can serve the customers to maintain healthy life as well as increase market share. In order to accomplish the problem, the project will install new advanced tools, recruit trained employees and educate them to motivate and maintain effective relationship w ith customers. As the project will help to accomplish the health objective of members, therefore before staring the workout at gym, every person will be evaluated by the trainers about the desired weight as well as proportion of fat in body. It can help to measure the effort and time that will be required for completing the objectives of the project. The funding requirement for this project will be accomplished by lease agreement, personal capital membership fees and mortgage

The Importance of Higher Education Through Community College Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Higher Education Through Community College Essay Why is higher education important you may ask through community colleges? There are many benefits to life that come with the achievement of higher education. Furthering your education puts you at a competetive edge with todays evolving technology and the aggressiveness of the present job market. Higher education plays such a huge factor in today’s society and yet there are still very many people out there who cannot afford to go to a big university because of the cost. Four out of ten graduating high school students start their college careers at community colleges. Along the same lines community colleges are the largest and fastest growing area of higher education which means that more and more people today are exploring and learning about the benefits of pursueing higher education through community colleges. There may be many reasons why we choose to further our education through community college. We all live busy lifestyles and at times just our daily lives, routines and obligations can dictate just how much time people can devote to pursuing a higher education. Some of us may already have families or may even be working at a job. There are also a great number of people as well who simply just spend beyond their means. All of these examples can play a huge roll on affordability and how much time a person can spend inside the classroom.And because of this, these obstacles may prevent or even discourage people from being able to become a full time student. Community colleges offer the opportunity to higher education at a lower expence and present the student with the opportunity to take advantage of the many various scholarships and programs that these community colleges have available. There are a great number of community colleges to choose from in every state of the country. And many of these schools have a lot to offer potential students. Community colleges such as Ivy Tech and Oakland City University for example, have a vast amount of programs and benefits that will allow people a chance to attend class no matter how much time their daily lives and routines require them to spend. These schools offer the student a selection of online classes, courses and even degree programs all ready to take from their home or office all online. In addition to online classes these two schools also omake available full or part time student enrollment, day time and night time classes are also available if needed to help accommodate all types of lifestyles,schedules and obligations. With all of these programs in place it makes pursuing your future that much easier to grasp. By allowing the availability to attend community college online and at different times of the day and by using government and student financial aid such as Pell grants and the Stafford student loan people can often get a degree without going into so much debt. Sometimes the availability of these classes can help people get degree’s even faster than they normally would if they had to be on campus at all times. With our busy lifestyles and the competitiveness of the job market in todays economy it is vital to have an education. Even though at times we may think to ourselves that we just cannot afford to attend community college or are simply just too busy with the demands of daily life to dedicate accomplishing such an important task. In my oppinion, othing can be further from the truth. Making the choice to attain higher education through community college is a fantastic decision for anyone wanting to be a competitive force in todays ever evolving technological world and try to win in the current job market. Going to a community college may be intimidating to some people for various reasons whether it is having enough time, money or obligations. And at times, may even let these issues disuade their decision to attend. There are no obstacles too big in your way of pursuing your future and your dreams. And by taking advantage of all the programs and benefits that these schools have to offer can and will help to ease any anxieties you may have of becoming a student pursuing a higher education through community college.

American Writers Essay Example for Free

American Writers Essay

Market overview for elevator products and services

Market overview for elevator products and services Aggregate global demand for elevator / escalator products and services is projected to increase 5.6% per year through 2009 to more than $20 billion. Fueling gains will be economic recovery and expansion in the mature markets of the developed world, coupled with ongoing industrialization among the less advanced countries of Asia. The world elevator market rose at a relatively healthy pace throughout most of the 1990s in a generally sanguine global macroeconomic climate. Basically strong economic growth in developing countries was briefly interrupted in 1997-1998 by a financial crisis engulfing many East Asian and Latin Americans nations, as well as Russia. Fallout form the crisis continued to adversely impact the elevator market into 1999 and 2000, as trends in the elevator market tend to lag developments in the macro economy by a few years. Subsequently, as the emerging market began to recover, growth in Western Eur0pe and North America was depressed in the wake of the global economic slowdown precipitated in the US, although by 2004 a recovery was apparent in most markets. In the developed world, gains will reflect an expected recovery in office construction, as vacancy rates come down in major global financial centers such as Tokyo and London. Over the long term, development of the residential sector, especially in the largely untapped US market where single-family homes predominate, will also create opportunities, supported by again populations and regulations such as the Americans with Disabilities Act. In Europe, adoption of new EU-wide safety regulations for existing lifts will bolster the modernization/upgrade service segment. The fastest growth is anticipated in the worlds developing regions Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. In developing countries, market expansion will reflect increased urbanization, as virtually all structures in large third-world cities require elevators. Aftermarket services are also not well established, even in more developed countries such as South Korea and hence offer a sizable potential market which major global suppliers such as OTIS are actively working to develop. China, which has already emerged as the largest global elevator market in unit terms, will continue to log explosive gains, with the genesis of a lucrative service aftermarket bolstering the robust OEM business. Almost half of the increase in passenger and freight elevator unit sales will be attributable to China, where per capita elevator use remains less than 10% of that typical of Western Europe. TABLE III 1 WORLD ELEVATOR MARKET BY REGION (billion dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Urban Population (mil persons) 2516 2811 3119 3443 3790 Bldg. Construct Expend (bil 2000$) 2900 3324 4254 5270 6661 $ elevator/urban capita 10 11 12 15 17 $ elevators/000$ construct 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6 9.9 World Elevator Market 24.9 30.0 38.5 50.5 66.2 North America : 4.0 5.0 5.8 7.4 8.9 United States 3.6 4.5 5.1 6.5 7.8 Canada Mexico 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 Western Europe : 11.7 13.8 16.1 19.3 23.0 Asia/Pacific : 6.5 8.0 12.4 18.4 27.0 China 0.9 1.2 3.5 6.9 12.3 Japan 4.5 5.3 6.4 7.9 9.5 India 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.5 Other Asia/Pacific 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.7 Other Regions : 2.7 3.2 4.2 5.5 7.4 Latin America 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.5 Eastern Europe 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.3 3.0 Africa/Midest 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.9 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. CHART III 1 WORLD ELEVATOR MARKET BY REGION, 2009 ($50.5 billion) Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.1.1 Regional Profile Given the modernized economies, well-developed industrial and commercial sectors, prosperous consumer populations and highly evolved building/nonbuilding construction infrastructures in place throughout the developed world, most OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) countries maintain large markets for elevator/escalator products and services relative to population and size of the economy. These include the US, Western Europe, Japan (the largest global market in value terms, reflecting the countrys aged, urban population and stringent safety standards) and Australia and New Zealand. The nations of Eastern Europe, especially Russia and certain of the other more industrialized states of the former Soviet Union, also comprise markets of some significance, but they tend to be much smaller in both absolute and relative terms than those of the major Western countries. However, the fastest growing markets for elevator products and services are typically found within the developing regions, especially Asia and to a lesser extent Latin America and Africa/Mideast as well. As numerous countries within these regions work to industrialize their economies, they are facing rising infrastructure expansion and modernization requirements, which has led to extensive building construction activity. Another key aspect of the industrialization process in most countries is increasing urbanization, as individuals and households migrate from rural areas to cities to participate in the growing economic opportunities available there. Such dynamics are positively correlated to the development of markets for construction-related products like elevator systems; moreover, as the number of systems installed increases, markets for related maintenance/repair and eventually modernization, services tend to emerge as a matter of course. 3.1.2 Multinational Parameters Trade Flows Like most industries, the elevator business has become increasingly international in scope in recent decades. The physical nature of elevator / escalator system largely, bulky, involving numerous component parts, etc., renders them not easily transportable. In addition, elevator manufacturers often prefer to have local manufacturing capacity, which allows them to better satisfy local requirements (e.g., regulations and standards) and cultivate lucrative aftermarket service relationships. As such, foreign trade per se is not as extensive in the industry as in most durable goods manufacturing businesses. Foreign trade is some what more prevalent in the replacement parts and components segments of the business. However, multinational investment on part of the leading producers (and even a few of the mid-sized and smaller ones) is extremely prevalent. This takes the form of direct ownership of overseas based subsidiaries, manufacturing facilities and other assets and after sales servicing and technical support networks. Moreover, in recent years there has been an effort on the part of major producers such as OTIS and KONE to consolidate their global operations and shift production capacity to lower cost venues in the developing world, which has increased the importance of cross-border trade. As the global elevator industry continues to restructure and consolidate, the home base of operations of the major players is becoming increasingly less relevant to the competitive dynamics of the business, with a handful of multinational companies dominating the business in most geographic areas especially with respect to product manufacturing. The service segment remains considerably most fragmented, but it too is consolidating rapidly. As global companies manufacturer and install their systems in given countries, they have a direct incentive to invest in after sales servicing networks in these countries as well, which is also prompting consolidation in the service segment of the business. Such dynamics are expected to become more rather than less pronounced going forward, as the economics of the business favor large companies with a multinational reach. 3.2 Demand by Product Service Elevators, escalators and related products are used to physically move individuals, freight and sometimes other items from one place to another within a building, facility or some other designated place. The movement occurs either vertically (in the case of elevating and lifting equipment), at an incline (escalators) or horizontally (moving walkways). Elevators and escalators are thus integral components of many types of structures, especially those with multiple floors or levels and/or involving an extensive amount of physical space. Aggregate world demand for elevator products and services is projected to increase 5.6% per year through 2009 to more than $50 billion, an improvement from the 1994-2004 pace. Fueling gains will be an upswing in new system installations, accompanying expected recovery in nonresidential building activity in Japan, Western Europe and the Americas. This will help to offset some slowing in residential building construction, which is an important indicator of elevator demand outside of North America . Preventing faster gains especially on the products die is the high degree of maturity of the elevator / escalator market in the developed world, which has prompted leading vendors to target high growth markets in the Pacific Rim and other developing areas which hold the greatest potential for incremental increases in new installations going forward. Also fueling growth will be technological innovations in letter generation system including microprocessor based controls and sensors, remote monitoring, automated performance and generate further demand, at both the new installation and modernization/upgrade ends of the business. In addition, retrofits to comply with changing building codes and federal mandates will rejuvenate the upgrade/modernization services market, especially in North America and Western Europe. TABLE III 2 WORLD ELEVATOR EQUIPMENT SERVICE MARKET (billion dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 Bldg Construct Expend (bil 2000$) 2900 3324 4254 5270 6661 $ elevators/000$ construction 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6 10.0 World Elevator Market 24.9 30.0 38.5 50.6 66.3 Equipment : 8.8 10.9 15.0 21.2 29.5 Passenger Freight 6.2 7.5 10.2 14.1 19.0 Escalators Moving Walkways 0.8 1.0 1.6 2.6 4.0 Parts Other 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.6 6.6 Services : 16.1 19.1 23.5 29.3 36.8 Installation 2.6 3.2 4.1 5.5 7.3 Modernization Repair 13.4 16.0 19.4 23.8 29.5 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc CHART III-2 WORLD ELEVATOR EQUIPMENT SERVICE MARKET, 1994-2014 (billion dollars) Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.2.1 Equipment World demand for elevator and escalator products totaled $15 billion in 2004 billion in 2004, accounting for approximately 40% of the total elevator/escalator market. For present purposes, elevator products are defined to include passenger and freight elevators and associated products. Demand is projected to post a 7.1% per annum increase through 2009 to $21.2 billion. Growth will stem from improving cyclical dynamics, in particular a revival in nonresidential construction spending especially in the key office/commercial/lodging and industrial building sectors. Gains will be best for machine room less (MRL) elevators, which will benefit from expansion of the global retail and (especially) transportation sectors. 3.2.2 Passenger Freight Elevators Global demand for passenger and freight elevators is projected to rise 5.7% per annum through 2009 to almost 4,40,000 units, of which over 60% will be the newer machine room less (MRL) type. Along with improving cyclical dynamics and continued secular growth in the developing world, gains will be fueled by increased penetration of less traditional market segments, such as single-family residences. The latter is a key consideration in North America, where single family housing is more prevalent than in Europe and Asia. Even in the latter regions, however, again of the population will create opportunities in the residential segment, as elevators are increasingly designed into low-rise buildings which would previously have relied exclusively on staircases. As a result, the installed base will expand from 7.4 million units in 2004 to 9.2 million in 2009. In value terms, demand for passenger and freight elevators will grow 6.6% per year to $14 billion in 2009. While intense global competition and greater reliance on low footprint units will hold down cost increases, higher fuel and energy costs and the expanding technical complexity of latter generation elevator system, which can be priced at a premium relative to earlier designs, will contribute to price inflation. Passenger and freight elevators, as the name implies, are general purpose lifting systems designed to vertically transport individuals and commodities between different floors or levels within a single building or facility. From a technological standpoint, essentially all modern passenger and freight elevators are either the hydraulic (powered by pressurized liquid) or traction (electric powered) type; the latter can be either geared or gearless. Hydraulic came into prominence during the 1950sm surpassing the geared market which was prominent prior to that time and remain the dominant type in the US. Traditional traction elevators remain in broader use in Europe and Asia, although in Europe they have been widely supplanted by MRLs since the mid 1990s. The newer MRL elevator types incorporate the gears and control into the elevator shaft, rather than a separate machine room, and hence provide greater design flexibility, as well as energy and (in some cases) cost savings. MRLs have made significant inroads in Western Europe and will continue to penetrate North America, Asia and other regions. Moreover, while initially suited only for buildings upto 7 stories, MRLs have not been adapted for use upto about 25 stories, substantially broadening the potential market. TABLE III 3 WORLD PASSENGER FREIGHT ELEVATOR MARKET (million dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Market 24893 30015 38536 50550 66300 % Passenger Freight 24.8 25.1 26.5 27.8 28.6 Passenger/Freight Elevator Market 6175 7532 10220 14050 18950 North America : 665 977 1160 1700 2100 United States 585 873 1000 1480 1800 Canada Mexico 80 104 160 220 300 Western Europe 2155 2645 3125 3940 4850 Asia/Pacific : 2575 2975 4660 6650 9525 China 425 550 1600 2800 4700 Japan 1650 1800 2000 2325 2700 India 220 305 470 745 950 Other Asia/Pacific : 280 320 590 780 1175 Other Regions : 780 935 1275 1760 2475 Latin America 305 360 450 615 840 Eastern Europe 265 275 425 595 825 Africa/Midest 210 300 400 550 810 000$/Unit 31.8 33.0 30.8 32.0 33.0 P/F Elevator Market (000 Units) 194 228 332 439 575 Machine Room 194 203 232 164 100 Machine Room Less 25 100 275 475 % New 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.8 4.9 P/F Elev. Installed Base (000 Units) 5120 6035 7355 9220 11700 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. Elevator related service revenues are generated when new systems are installed and then subsequently as installed systems are repaired and maintained over their useful lives. Major renovations or upgrades on existing systems are oftern undertaken as well; for present purposes this type of activity is classified under repair/modernization. Not surprisingly given their much larger installed base, elevating/lifting systems account for a substantially higher share of the total service market than escalators and moving walkways, in both the new installation and repair/modernization segments. TABLE III 4 WORLD ELEVATOR SERVICE MARKET BY TYPE (billion dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Market 24893 30015 38536 50550 66300 % Services 64.6 63.7 61.0 58.0 55.5 Elevator Service Market 16.1 19.1 23.5 29.3 36.8 Installation 2.6 3.2 4.1 5.5 7.3 Repair Modernization 13.4 16.0 19.4 23.8 29.5 Repair Maintenance 11.6 13.5 15.8 18.3 21.0 Modernization/Upgrade 1.8 2.5 3.6 5.5 8.5 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.2.3 Installation World revenues generated from the installation of new elevator/escalators systems are projected to increase 6.1% per year through 2009 to $5.5 billion. Installation revenues will grow somewhat more slowly than will new elevator and escalator equipment demand. This reflects the fact that elevator/escalator vendors have been working aggressively in recent years to lower the installation costs of their system, in orde3r to increase new business volume. TABLE III 5 WORLD ELEVATOR INSTALLATION REVENUES BY REGION (million dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Service Market 16079 19118 23491 29300 36800 % Installations 16.5 16.5 17.4 18.8 19.7 Installation Revenues 2650 3153 4087 5500 7245 North America : 372 484 530 735 880 United States 338 440 464 650 765 Canada Mexico 34 44 66 85 115 Western Europe 963 1162 1350 1670 2020 Asia/Pacific : 1093 1236 1831 2570 3600 China 144 188 563 1025 1725 Japan 752 804 872 990 1120 India 87 126 168 255 345 Other Asia/Pacific : 110 128 228 300 410 Other Regions : 222 271 376 525 745 Latin America 81 97 123 170 235 Eastern Europe 80 86 134 190 265 Africa/Midest 61 88 119 165 245 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.2.4 Repair Modernization Revenues derived from the provision of repair, maintenance and upgrade/modernization services on existing elevator/escalator system are projected to increase 4.2% per annum through 2009 to $23.8 billion, which compares favorably to longer term historical norms. Repair and maintenance revenues will expand just 3.0% per annum to $18.3 billion in 2009, trailing all other product and service segments. In much of the developing world, maintenance spending is perceived as an unaffordable luxury; building owners and managers tend to wait for an elevator to fail before they will invest in maintenance/repair. However, there is evidence that this is beginning to change as major Western and Japanese elevator companies work to educate their equipment customers about the importance of routine servicing. Service requirements tend to be highest in Japan, where for cultural reasons elevator failures are considered to be unacceptable. As in case of elevator and escalator systems themselves, the provision of related repair/maintenance services has benefited significantly in recent years from the application of a advanced technology. What has become especially prominent of late are computer based monitoring tools that can detect system faults (or even potential faults) and alert service technicians immediately. Repair/maintenance services can be performed on a contract basis, or on an as needed service call basis for building owners and other operators that do not maintain contracts. In addition, there is considerable potential for business activity on the modernization upgrade side of this market, in terms of retrofitting existing systems to be compatible with new building codes, the Americans with Disability Act (in the US), the safety Norm for Existing Lifts 9SNEL-in Western Europe) and other mandates. A number of the leading elevator vendors have in recent years launched modernization packages designed specifically to comply with the requirements of these mandates. Examples include Schindlers SCHINDLER 6200 and KONEs MAXISPACE. The latter allows users to replace a 4 passenger car with a 6 or even 8 passenger lift. More generally, numerous building owners will want to upgrade existing elevator/escalator systems to incorporate the latest technological advances along such parameters as improved safety and enhanced performance and energy efficiency characteristics, and this will provide further momentum to the repair/modernization service market overall. Modernization revenues are forecast to rise 8.8% annually through 2009 to $5.5 billion, making this the fastest growing segment of the elevator business. Modernization projects can range from replacing controls and interior fittings, to installing new doors or other structural components, to incorporating advanced electronics based sensors and monitoring tools, to complete renovations of entire elevator cabs or replacement of escalator stairs. TABLE III 6 WORLD ELEVATOR REPAIR MODERNIZATION REVENUES BY REGION (million dollars) Item 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 World Elevator Service Market 16079 19118 23491 29300 36800 % Repair Modernization 83.5 83.5 82.6 81.2 80.0 Repair Modernization 13429 15965 19404 23800 29450 North America : 2518 2981 3529 4190 5025 United States 2217 2646 3145 3735 4485 Canada Mexico 301 335 384 455 540 Western Europe 7731 8918 10355 12115 14240 Asia/Pacific : 1848 2492 3609 5110 7165 China 55 110 270 645 1350 Japan 1516 1957 2664 3430 4275 India 42 95 210 410 745 Other Asia/Pacific : 235 330 465 625 795 Other Regions : 1332 1574 1911 2385 3020 Latin America 472 554 688 865 1095 Eastern Europe 742 852 983 1180 1445 Africa/Midest 118 168 240 340 480 Source : The Freedonia Group, Inc. 3.3 Demand by Market Elevator related products and services are utilized in a broad array of buildings and facilities featuring multiple floors or levels, as well as in certain single-floor and even non-building type settings. Large, well-trafficked facilities with multiple levels office buildings, institutions such as hospitals and schools, department stores and other retail establishments, hotels and motels, factories and warehouses, etc., tend to be the most intensive users of elevator products and services.